Tackling the terms: drafting standard player contracts in Indian sports (part 2)

 In this piece, we will be diving into the actual process of drafting a player contract. I will show you how to draft and also explain each clause – why it matters, how it should be written. Whether you are a lawyer, team manager, or athlete’s representative, this is your guide to drafting a player contract that is not only compliant but clear and effective. 

In Part 1 of the series, we explored the legal landscape of player contracts in Indian sports. We looked at everything from key clauses and regulatory frameworks to real-world scenarios. If you read that piece, you now know what makes a strong, enforceable contract player agreement. 

But legal theory alone does not win matches, right? You need a playbook. 

In Part 2, we move from ‘what’ and ‘how’. We will get into how to actually draft a player contract. We will go clause by clause with practical explanations. 

Think of this as your drafting cheat sheet, because in sports law, precision wins. 

Let us get into it. 

Drafting a contract

Background for the contract

You are drafting a player contract for Manny M, a 24-year-old professional footballer playing as a central midfielder. He is being signed by Coastal Warriors FC, a club in the Indian Super League (ISL), for a 2-season term starting from 1 July 2025 to 30 June 2027. Manny was previously with a second division team and is making his debut in a top-tier league.

The contract needs to reflect his remuneration, performance expectations, and obligations under the club, along with standard protections around injury, endorsements, disciplinary conduct, and termination.

PLAYER CONTRACT

The introductory part acts as the foundation of the contract. This includes the “by and between” and “recitals”. Whether you are representing a club or a player, drafting these sections carefully lays a foundation for the rest of the agreement. 

While drafting, you need to be specific. Use full names, correct addresses and official titles of the parties involved. Do not include subjective praise or promises in the recitals, you should maintain neutrality. 

Also, stick to the facts. Recitals are not legally binding by themselves, they set up the story behind the contract. Make sure the dates, names, and roles in the recitals match those in the operative clauses (remuneration, obligations, etc). 

The Contract is made and entered into on the 1st day of the month of July, 2025. 

BY AND BETWEEN

Coastal Warriors Football Club, a professional football club participating in the Indian Super League (ISL), having its registered office at #105, Seaside Sports Complex, Marine Drive, Kochi, Kerala – 682031,  represented herein by its authorised signatory, Ms. Mohana Paul, General Manager – Football Operations, (hereinafter referred to as the “Club” duly authorised for the purpose, which expression shall, unless it be repugnant to the contect or meaning thereof, mean and include its successors, assigns, administrators and authorised representatives): 

AND

Mr. Manny M, son of Mr. Thomas M, aged 24 years, residing at Flat No. 302, Skyline Residency, Indranagar, Bengaluru, 560038, holding Indian nationality, and professionally engaged as a football player, currently playing as a central midfielder (hereinafter referred to as the “Player”, which expression shall unless repugnant to the context or meaning thereof include his heirs, legal representatives, executors, and permitted assigns). 

RECITALS 

WHEREAS, the Club is a recognised and participating football team in the Indian Super League (ISL), duly governed by the All India Football Federation (AIFF) and the regulations framed thereunder;

AND WHEREAS, the Player is a professional football player, previously associated with a second division club, and now making his debut in the top-tier Indian Super League; 

AND WHEREAS, the Club desires to engage the Player as the central midfielder in its professional squad for the upcoming ISL seasons, and the Player has agreed to render his services to the Club on the terms and conditions set forth herein; 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereby agree to execute this Player Contract effective from 1 July 2025 and continuing until 30 June 2027, subject to the terms and conditions more fully set forth below.

Definitions and interpretation

The Definitions and Interpretation clause acts as the contract’s dictionary. It ensures that terms used throughout the agreement carry consistent and precise meanings. This is especially important in sports contracts, where a word like injury or gross misconduct could significantly affect a player’s career or salary.

When drafting this clause, you need to be specific: If “Match” only refers to official League games and not friendly matches, say so. Make sure to use legal clarity. Terms like “Gross Misconduct” need to cover serious issues that may lead to termination; do not leave them open to vague interpretation. Avoid repetition; if a term is used often (e.g., “Term” or “Club”), define it early to keep the rest of the contract readable.

Do not overstuff this section. Only define terms that are used more than once or whose meaning might be debated later.

1. Definitions and interpretation

 

a. In this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall have the meanings assigned to them below:

1. “Agreement” means this Player Employment Contract entered into between the Club and the Player.
2. “Club” means Coastal Warriors Football Club Private Limited, a company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013, having its registered office at ____.
3. “Player” means Mr Manny M, an Indian professional footballer, born on 4 June 2001, holding Indian passport number _____.
4. “League” means the Indian Super League (ISL), administered by the All India Football Federation (AIFF).
5. “Term” means the duration of this Agreement, commencing from 1 July 2025 and concluding on 30 June 2027, unless earlier terminated in accordance with this Agreement.
6. “Match” means any competitive football match played by the Club during the League season or any other official tournament recognised by the League.
7. “Injury” means any physical impairment or illness suffered by the Player that prevents full participation in training or matches, as certified by a Club-approved medical practitioner.
8. “Gross Misconduct” includes, without limitation, match-fixing, doping violations, unauthorised absences from team activities, criminal behaviour, or conduct bringing disrepute to the Club or the League.

 

Words importing the singular shall include the plural and vice versa, and references to any statute shall include any modification, re-enactment or replacement thereof.

Engagement and term

The Engagement and Term clause is foundational to the contract because it formally establishes the relationship between the player and the club, along with the duration of that relationship.

Why is it necessary?

1. Duration: Clearly stating the start and end dates helps avoid confusion later on about the player’s contract status.
2. Obligations: It sets expectations that the player is engaged for a specific role (as a professional footballer) and outlines the exclusivity of that engagement.
3. Extension and termination: This section introduces the possibility of contract extension, which is standard in professional sports, and sets out that this requires mutual consent in writing. This is crucial for both parties to have clarity on the pathway for future negotiations.

What to keep in mind when drafting?

Use simple language to ensure both the club and player clearly understand the contract’s duration and renewal procedures. The clause should also make clear that the player cannot engage with other clubs or professional activities without the club’s prior written consent. This prevents conflicts of interest.

You can also provide a window for extending the term offers flexibility, but it is essential to include a reasonable notice period (in this case, three months) to allow both parties to assess their needs and intentions.

Always ensure that any extensions are mutually agreed upon in writing this prevents any confusion or claims that a player has automatically extended their term.

B. Engagement and term

1. The Club hereby engages the Player, and the Player agrees to be engaged by the Club, as a professional footballer for the Term of this Agreement, which shall commence on 1 July 2025 and continue until 30 June 2027, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
2. The Player shall be required to perform the duties set forth in Clause 3 during the Term, and the Club undertakes to provide the Player with all necessary support to carry out those duties, including access to medical and training facilities.
3. The parties may mutually agree to extend the Term of this Agreement in writing, subject to both parties’ consent, at least three (3) months prior to the expiration of the Term.
4. The Player acknowledges and agrees that this Agreement is exclusive and that the Player shall not participate in any other professional football activities outside of this Agreement without prior written consent from the Club.
5. The Club and the Player agree that the Player shall have the right to terminate this Agreement unilaterally by means of a buy-out, subject to the payment of a fixed fee of ₹_____
6. In case of buy-out, the buy-out fee shall be payable in full to the Club, and upon receipt of such payment, the Player shall be released from his contractual obligations to the Club with immediate effect.

Duties and obligations of the player

The duties and obligations of the Player clause outline the expectations placed on the player in terms of professional conduct, performance, and participation in team activities. It sets a clear standard for what the club expects from the player and ensures that both parties understand the player’s role within the organisation.

Why is this essential?

1. Professionalism: It formalises the player’s commitment to training, fitness, and match participation. This is especially important in professional sports where performance is directly linked to the team’s success.
2. Disciplinary standards: By including clauses about professional conduct on and off the field, the club ensures the player behaves in a way that does not tarnish the club’s reputation.
3. Injury and fitness monitoring: The player’s obligation to follow medical advice and maintain fitness is crucial. Injury management and medical care are top priorities, and the player must cooperate with medical assessments and rehabilitation.

When drafting this clause, you need to ensure that the obligations are not too onerous, making the contract sound like a strict set of demands. There must be room for mutual respect and recognition of the player’s personal needs, such as rest and recovery time.

You also need to make sure that it fits with the club’s values. The club should define what constitutes “professional conduct” and what actions may be considered as bringing the club into disrepute. This may vary depending on the club’s image or goals.

Make sure there is flexibility. While player participation in all activities is essential, there should also be provisions that allow for reasonable exceptions, such as medical leave or personal emergencies.

Draft this clause with careful thought to balancing the player’s professional commitments with their personal well-being. Clubs must uphold high standards, but players should feel like they are treated fairly and with respect.

3. Duties and obligations of the player

a. The Player agrees to:

 

1. Train and participate in all training sessions, matches, and other team activities as directed by the Club’s coaching and management staff, with due diligence and in accordance with professional standards.
2. Follow medical advice and maintain a level of fitness required to play at the professional level. The Player shall undergo regular medical check-ups, fitness assessments, and rehabilitation when needed, as prescribed by the Club’s medical team.
3. Play in official matches whenever selected by the Club, unless injured or unfit to play, as confirmed by the Club’s medical staff.
4. Maintain professional conduct both on and off the field, adhering to the Club’s code of conduct, training schedules, media obligations, and social media guidelines.
5. Comply with the Club’s directions regarding participation in promotional activities, public appearances, and media engagements, provided such activities do not unreasonably interfere with the Player’s training and match commitments and are limited to 5 hours per week.
6. Respect the confidentiality of any Club-related information that is not in the public domain, including but not limited to tactics, internal communications, financial matters, and player negotiations.
7. Not engage in any actions that could bring the Club into disrepute or damage its reputation, including involvement in illegal activities, unethical conduct, or behaviour detrimental to the integrity of the sport.

 

Remuneration and benefits

The remuneration and benefits clause are one of the most crucial sections of the contract. It ensures that both parties agree on the financial terms of the player’s employment, including salary, bonuses, and other perks. This clause protects both the player’s financial interests and the club’s obligations. This is important because there is:

1. Clear payment structure: Outlining the base salary and any additional earnings (like match fees and performance bonuses) ensures the player knows what to expect in terms of financial compensation.
2. Incentives for performance: Linking part of the player’s earnings to on-field performance motivates the player and aligns their personal success with the team’s success.
3. Additional benefits: Housing, travel, and medical benefits are essential for players who may relocate for their professional career. This clause guarantees that the player has the necessary support and coverage to perform their best without worrying about day-to-day living arrangements or medical expenses.

When you are drafting, ensure that the salary and bonuses are competitive within the market and consistent with industry standards for players in the same league and with similar experience. Clarity in performance-based earnings ensures the criteria (e.g., “45 minutes of play”) are specific and measurable. This avoids any ambiguity about when a bonus should be paid. Be clear on what benefits are being provided, as well as any conditions for their availability (e.g., accommodation near the training ground). The player should have a clear understanding of what the club is offering outside the monetary compensation.

Include a provision on taxation if the player is from outside the state or country. Some contracts may involve additional tax obligations based on the player’s residence or nationality.

4. Remuneration and benefits

a. Salary: 

The Club agrees to pay the Player a base annual salary of ₹___, payable in equal monthly instalments on the ___ of each month, commencing on ___. The salary shall be subject to statutory deductions, including but not limited to taxes, provident fund, and other applicable contributions.

2. Match fees: 

In addition to the base salary, the Player will receive a fee of ₹ ____ per match for each official league or tournament match played, provided the Player participates for at least __ minutes in the match or scores __ goals in the game. 

3. Performance bonuses: The Player will be entitled to the following performance bonuses:
   1. ₹_______ for each goal scored during an official match.
   2. ₹_______ for each assist made in an official match.
   3. ₹_______ for each clean sheet achieved by the Player’s team during an official match in which the Player participates for at least 45 minutes.
4. Signing bonus: 

Upon execution of this Agreement, the Club will pay the Player a one-time signing bonus of ₹____, payable within 30 days of the commencement of the Agreement.

5. Housing and travel:

The Club agrees to provide the Player with accommodation at a location close to the Club’s training facility or home stadium during the Term. The Player will also be provided with transportation for official team activities, including travel to away matches.

6.  Medical and insurance benefits:

The Player will be entitled to receive all necessary medical care required for the treatment of injuries sustained during the course of employment. The Club will provide the Player with comprehensive medical insurance, including coverage for injury, disability, or death, as well as access to physiotherapy and rehabilitation services.

7. Other benefits:

The Player may be entitled to additional benefits at the sole discretion of the Club, including but not limited to clothing allowances, signing of endorsement deals, and access to the Club’s training and wellness facilities. The specifics of such benefits will be discussed and agreed upon separately, in writing.

Confidentiality and publicity

The Confidentiality and Publicity clause is designed to safeguard the Club’s confidential information and ensure that the Player’s public image is managed in line with the Club’s branding and media strategy. It also protects the integrity of the Club by controlling how both the Player and the Club engage with the public and the media.

1. Protecting confidential information: Football clubs often deal with sensitive internal matters, including financial data, player contract negotiations, and team strategies. Ensuring the Player keeps these matters confidential is vital to maintaining the club’s competitive edge and reputation.
2. Managing public relations: The Player’s public image is part of the overall branding strategy of the Club. By controlling how the Player’s name, image, and likeness are used, the Club can ensure its image is consistently presented in a positive and professional light.
3. Media management: In the age of social media, managing a player’s public statements and media interactions is critical to avoid controversies. This clause ensures that any media appearances or statements are authorised by the Club to prevent misinformation or damaging comments that could harm the Club’s brand.

While drafting, make sure you cover social media guidelines. With the increasing presence of players on social media, it’s essential to establish clear guidelines for players’ online presence. Be specific about what constitutes inappropriate content and the consequences for violating the guidelines.

You also need to make sure that there are rights to publicity: The Player should understand that the Club has the right to use their likeness for promotional purposes. However, it’s crucial to ensure that this is limited to the scope of what is reasonable, particularly if the Player engages in separate endorsement or sponsorship deals. Ensure you cover the duration of confidentiality obligations as well. The confidentiality obligations should extend beyond the Term of the Agreement. This ensures that the Player cannot disclose sensitive information after the contract ends.

Make sure to clarify the limits of the Player’s obligations in terms of social media and public statements. You may want to include a provision that gives the Player a chance to review and approve certain public communications, particularly in sensitive situations.

5. Confidentiality and publicity

a. Confidentiality:

 

The Player agrees to keep all information regarding the Club, its operations, and any other confidential matters related to the Club strictly confidential, both during and after the Term of this Agreement. This includes, but is not limited to, tactical strategies, financial information, player negotiations, medical information, and any non-public information that may be shared by the Club during the course of employment.

2. Publicity and media:

1. The Player agrees to comply with the Club’s requests regarding participation in media, public appearances, and promotional activities related to the Club, provided such activities do not unreasonably interfere with the Player’s professional duties.
2. The Player grants the Club the right to use the Player’s name, image, likeness, and biographical information in connection with the promotion of the Club, its events, and its commercial ventures, without further compensation beyond the agreed-upon salary and bonuses, unless otherwise specified in a separate endorsement agreement.
3. The Player shall not engage in any media activity, interviews, or public statements concerning the Club, its management, or any confidential matters without prior written consent from the Club’s designated representative. Any unauthorised media appearances may result in disciplinary action or termination of the Agreement.

3. Social media:

The Player agrees to adhere to the Club’s social media guidelines and policies, as updated from time to time. The Player will avoid posting any content on social media that could negatively affect the reputation of the Club or bring it into disrepute. The Club reserves the right to monitor and address any inappropriate content posted by the Player in their public account, such as defamatory posts, content endorsing rival brands, or inflammatory remarks.

Termination

The Termination clause is one of the most crucial parts of a player contract. It defines the conditions under which the agreement may be ended and the responsibilities of both parties once the contract ends. This section protects both the Club and the Player by setting clear guidelines about the circumstances under which the relationship can be legally and fairly terminated. This clause ensures that:

1. Clear grounds for termination: Both parties should be clear on what constitutes grounds for termination, whether due to player misconduct, failure to perform, or breach of obligations. This ensures that the relationship ends only under justifiable circumstances.
2. Mutual respect and fairness: Allowing both parties to terminate the contract with appropriate notice ensures fairness. It also gives both the Player and the Club an opportunity to plan for the future, especially if either party feels the relationship is no longer beneficial.
3. Post-termination protection: Post-termination restrictions prevent the Player from joining a direct competitor immediately and protect the Club’s interests, especially in cases where the Player may have access to sensitive information or is a key part of the team. This ensures the Club’s strategic interests are protected even after the Player leaves.

What should you consider when drafting? You need to put down a notice period. The notice period is crucial in this clause. You should define the length of the notice period (commonly 1–3 months) to ensure a reasonable period for the Club and Player to adjust to the termination. Also, check if there is something covered for termination due to injury. Be clear about the conditions under which an injury could justify the Player’s termination, including how long the Player is expected to be unavailable for matches before termination becomes an option.

Do not miss out on compensation and rights. Clarify the Player’s right to compensation if the contract is terminated by the Club, especially in cases of dismissal for reasons such as misconduct. Also, outline what happens in terms of unpaid wages, bonuses, and benefits.

What about post-termination restrictions? These restrictions are important for the Club, especially if the Player is a key figure in the team. Be mindful of how long such a restriction will last and whether it is reasonable given the Player’s career prospects.

Be specific about the geographical area and the duration of post-termination restrictions. The restrictions should not be overly broad or unreasonable, as this could limit the Player’s ability to continue their career.

6. Termination

a. Termination by the club:

The Club may terminate this Agreement with immediate effect by providing written notice to the Player in the event of any of the following:

1. The Player’s failure to fulfil their obligations under this Agreement, including but not limited to, failure to attend training, participate in matches, or comply with medical or fitness protocols.
2. The Player’s involvement in serious misconduct, including but not limited to illegal activities, unethical behaviour, or actions that bring the Club into disrepute.
3. The Player’s failure to meet the physical or mental fitness requirements as assessed by the Club’s medical team.
4. If the Player is suspended for an extended period ____ (weeks) due to a breach of the rules or disciplinary action taken by a governing body.

b. Termination by the player:

 

The Player may terminate this Agreement by providing written notice to the Club in the event of:

1. A serious or persistent failure by the Club to fulfil its obligations under this Agreement.
2. Any act or omission by the Club that materially undermines the Player’s ability to perform their duties or adversely affects their health and wellbeing.
3. The Player’s inability to participate in training or matches due to injury or health reasons for a period exceeding 6 months.

c. Termination with notice:

 

Either party may terminate this Agreement by providing ___ months’ written notice to the other party, without cause. In such an event, the terminating party shall compensate the other party for the remaining salary during the notice period.

4. Consequences of termination:

Upon termination of this Agreement, for whatever reason, the Player shall return all Club property, including training kits, equipment, and other assets. The Player’s salary shall be calculated up until the date of termination, and any outstanding performance bonuses or incentives will be paid in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

5. Post-termination restrictions

After termination of this Agreement, for a period of 6 months, the Player shall not participate in or be involved with any competing football club within ___ (insert geographical area, e.g., the country or league). The Player may not publicly criticise or disparage the Club for any reason during this post-termination period.

Force majeure

The Force Majeure clause has gained heightened relevance in recent years, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, but it has always been a staple of well-drafted sports contracts. Its purpose is to protect both the Club and the Player from being penalised for non-performance in situations genuinely beyond their control.

Why is this necessary?

1. Unforeseeable disruptions: Football, like any sport, depends on schedules, logistics, and public engagement. If any unpredictable external event makes the execution of the contract impossible, such as a nationwide lockdown or stadium damage, this clause ensures neither party is unfairly held in breach.
2. Risk allocation: It helps distribute the risk fairly. Neither party should suffer consequences for failing to perform duties during events that no one could have predicted or controlled.
3. Termination flexibility: If the Force Majeure Event continues for an extended period, the clause allows either party to exit the contract, preventing prolonged uncertainty.

When drafting, what events should be included? Be specific enough to include relevant scenarios (like strikes, riots, floods, public health emergencies) but broad enough to cover unforeseen events. It is common to use a combination of a general definition and an illustrative list. Make sure that there is an obligation to notify. The affected party should be required to notify the other promptly, allowing for clear communication and planning.

What about suspension vs. termination? Include both options, temporary suspension of obligations and the right to terminate if the event persists, so there is clarity and fairness built into the clause.

Do not just copy-paste a generic Force Majeure clause. Consider the specific risks associated with the Indian sports ecosystem (e.g., monsoon season interruptions, local government regulations, or crowd-related issues) and tailor it accordingly.

7. Force majeure

a. Definition:

 

Neither the Club nor the Player shall be held liable for any failure to perform or delay in the performance of any obligation under this Agreement where such failure or delay is caused by events beyond their reasonable control, including but not limited to natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism, pandemics, government restrictions, strikes, or failures of public utilities, monsoon disruptions, stadium closures, or government-imposed curfews.

2. Notice requirement:

The affected party shall notify the other party in writing within 7 days of becoming aware of the Force Majeure Event, detailing its nature and expected duration.

3. Effect of force majeure:

Upon such notification, the obligations of the affected party shall be suspended for the duration of the Force Majeure Event. If the Force Majeure Event continues for more than 60 days, either party may terminate this Agreement with prior written notice to the other party, without incurring liability for such termination.

4. Mitigation:

The affected party shall take reasonable steps to minimise the effects of the Force Majeure Event and resume performance as soon as reasonably possible.

Confidentiality

In a professional football environment, players often have access to sensitive information about the Club’s strategy, operations, and finances and vice versa. A well-drafted Confidentiality clause not only protects this information but also reinforces trust between the parties. This clause:

1. Protects the club’s competitive edge: Clubs invest heavily in scouting, tactics, player performance data, and internal management techniques. This clause helps ensure those advantages are not shared deliberately or unintentionally with competitors or the public.
2. Protects the Player’s privacy: A player may wish to keep details like medical conditions, disciplinary matters, or salary figures confidential. This clause allows the player to maintain a boundary around personal information.
3. Ensures discretion in negotiations: Particularly during contract renewals, disputes, or media speculation, both parties benefit from an understanding that terms are not to be discussed publicly without permission.

While drafting, make sure that there is clarity on what is confidential: Include a broad definition of “confidential information”, but try not to be overly vague. List examples where possible. Also, ensure an exception to confidentiality is added. Allow for reasonable exceptions, such as legal requirements (e.g., tax filings, court orders) or disclosures to professional advisers like lawyers or accountants.

Make clear that breaches of confidentiality are serious and can result in legal action. Include both equitable and monetary remedies where appropriate. State how long the confidentiality obligation lasts after the contract ends; two to three years is standard, but this may vary depending on the sensitivity of the information involved.

Consider whether there are any special sponsors, image rights deals, or strategic partnerships that also require specific confidentiality provisions. 

8. Confidentiality

a. Obligation to maintain confidentiality:

 

The Player and the Club agree to keep all confidential information obtained during the course of this Agreement strictly private and confidential. This includes, but is not limited to, the terms of this Agreement, financial arrangements, performance bonuses, training methods, medical records, internal Club policies, and any information designated as confidential.

2. Permitted disclosure:

Disclosure of such information is permitted only where required by law, regulation, or legal process, or with prior written consent from the other party. Where such disclosure is necessary, reasonable efforts must be made to notify the other party in advance.

3. Survival:

This confidentiality obligation shall survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement and shall remain in force for a period of 2 years thereafter.

4. Breach:

Any unauthorised disclosure of confidential information shall be considered a material breach of this Agreement and may give rise to legal remedies, including injunctive relief and damages.

Intellectual property and image rights

Footballers today are not just athletes; they are public personalities, brands, and sometimes even global icons. Their image, name, and likeness have commercial value far beyond the pitch. This clause helps regulate who controls those rights, how they can be used, and what limitations exist.

1. Clarity on commercial use: Both parties need to know who can commercially exploit the Player’s identity, in what context, and under what limits.
2. Avoiding brand conflicts: A player might sign an endorsement deal with a competing sponsor (e.g., a rival sportswear brand), which could damage the Club’s commercial relationships. This clause helps prevent such conflicts.
3. Protecting both parties: The Player’s image must not be used in ways that are exploitative or harmful, and the Club must be assured of its right to promote its business using its team members.

What to consider when drafting?

Club promotions vs. personal endorsements: Distinguish clearly between the Club’s use of the Player’s image (e.g., on posters or kits) and the Player’s personal sponsorships. 

Make sure that there are consent mechanisms. Provide a process for requesting and granting consent for third-party commercial deals. This protects the Club’s commercial integrity without unduly restricting the Player’s income. Clarify what use of the Player’s image is permitted post-termination, for instance, highlight reels, documentary footage, or historical team photos.

If the Player has already signed personal endorsement deals before joining the Club, these should be declared and listed in a schedule to the contract. If the Player is particularly high-profile, you may also consider having a separate Image Rights Agreement, especially for handling revenue splits.

9. Intellectual property and image rights

a. Club’s rights:

 

The Player agrees that during the term of this Agreement, the Club shall have the right to use the Player’s name, image, likeness, signature, voice, and biographical details (“Image Rights”) in connection with the promotion of the Club, its sponsors, events, and commercial activities. Such use shall be in good taste and shall not bring the Player into disrepute, and will be done with additional compensation. 

2. Player’s individual rights

The Player shall retain the right to exploit their Image Rights for personal commercial gain, provided that such endorsements or sponsorships do not conflict with the interests of the Club or its official partners. The Player must obtain prior written consent from the Club before entering into any individual endorsement deals during the term of this Agreement.

3. Ownership of intellectual property:

Any materials, slogans, logos, or content developed by the Club during the course of the Player’s engagement, including those featuring the Player, shall remain the exclusive property of the Club unless otherwise agreed in writing.

4. Post-term use:

The Club may continue to use the Player’s Image Rights in historical or archival material following the termination or expiry of this Agreement, provided such use is non-commercial or limited to commemorative purposes.

5. Moral Rights:

The Player’s moral rights under applicable law shall not be infringed, and the Club shall not use or manipulate the Player’s image in a misleading or derogatory manner.

Injury, medical fitness, and insurance

In professional football, physical condition is everything. A player’s health directly impacts their value to the Club, and frequent injuries can derail a career. This clause ensures clarity on medical responsibilities, recovery procedures, and insurance coverage. This clause:

1. Protects the Player’s rights and welfare: By requiring the Club to manage and fund medical treatment during official duties, it safeguards the Player’s health.
2. Protects the Club’s investment: Footballers are valuable assets. If a player becomes unfit to play, this clause ensures the Club can respond medically, financially, or contractually.
3. Establishes transparency: It ensures both parties understand what happens if the Player is injured, including how and when recovery will be managed and how termination might occur in extreme cases.
4. Player’s health and well-being: The Player must receive appropriate and timely medical care to recover from injuries and remain fit to play. This clause protects the Player’s right to medical treatment, which is a core part of their well-being.
5. Injury-related financial security: If the Player gets injured and is unable to perform their duties for a certain period, they should be compensated to a reasonable degree. This ensures financial stability for the Player during their recovery.
6. Clear protocols: It is essential to define the procedures for how injuries are managed, from initial treatment to rehabilitation and return to play. This creates a fair process for both parties and avoids disputes about the player’s fitness or return to matches.

When drafting, you need to cover things such as who controls medical decisions. Clearly identify the Club’s right to oversee treatment; this is standard, but it must be balanced to respect the Player’s autonomy. When it comes to insurance, set out what insurance the Club provides (e.g., salary cover, treatment costs) and whether the Player should supplement this privately.

Also, cover career-ending injuries. Address the possibility, however unlikely. Specify what medical evidence is required and what compensation (if any) is due. Do not leave out the scope of liability. Limit the Club’s liability for injuries sustained outside of Club activity, for instance, recreational sports or extreme hobbies.

Clubs often require players to avoid high-risk activities (e.g., motorcycling, skiing) during the term of the contract. These may be listed separately under a “Conduct” or “Risk Activities” clause, but may also be cross-referenced here.

10. Injury, medical fitness, and insurance

a. Medical examinations:

 

The Player shall undergo a comprehensive medical and fitness examination prior to the commencement of this Agreement and at such regular intervals as reasonably determined by the Club. The continuation of this Agreement shall be subject to the Player maintaining a level of physical fitness appropriate for professional football, as assessed by the Club’s appointed medical and performance staff. This may include, but is not limited to, achieving and maintaining minimum thresholds in key performance indicators such as VO₂ max, body composition, sprint times, agility tests, and functional movement screenings, in accordance with the Club’s performance standards and medical protocols.

2. Medical care:

The Club agrees to provide the Player with necessary medical care, including but not limited to treatment for injuries, general health care, and preventative medical services, during the Term of this Agreement. All medical treatments shall be provided by the Club’s designated medical team or healthcare providers, unless the Player seeks treatment outside the Club’s medical network at their own expense.

3. Injury notification and treatment:

The Player shall promptly report any injury, illness, or condition that may affect their ability to train or play. The Club shall have the right to oversee and approve the Player’s medical treatment and rehabilitation plans. The Player agrees to follow the medical advice and protocols prescribed by the Club’s medical team.

4. Club insurance cover:

The Club shall maintain appropriate insurance cover for injuries sustained during official matches, training, or Club-sanctioned activities, including medical treatment and wage compensation during recovery.

5. Player’s responsibility:

The Player may obtain additional personal insurance cover at their own expense. The Club shall not be liable for any injuries or conditions sustained outside of official Club activities unless expressly agreed.

6. Career-ending injury:

In the event of a career-ending injury, this Agreement may be terminated by mutual agreement or by the Club upon providing appropriate medical evidence. The Player shall be entitled to any compensation as provided under applicable law or agreed-upon insurance policies.

7. Fitness to play:

The Club reserves the right to declare the Player medically unfit to participate in matches or training, based on professional medical advice. In such cases, the Player shall not unreasonably oppose the decision and shall follow the rehabilitation schedule advised.

8. Pre-existing Conditions:

The Player shall disclose any pre-existing medical conditions or injuries before the commencement of this Agreement. The Club shall not be liable for any medical expenses related to pre-existing conditions unless the condition is aggravated as a result of an official match or Club-related activity.

9. Return to play protocol:

The Player agrees to follow the Club’s medical team’s protocol for returning to play after an injury. The Club’s medical team will determine when the Player is fit to return to play based on their evaluation, and the Player must not participate in any official matches or training without the clearance of the Club’s medical team.

Anti-doping obligations

This clause is vital to ensure that both the Club and the Player uphold the principles of clean sport. It also promotes fairness by providing for educational support and a right to appeal, while protecting the Club from liability unless it has directly contributed to the breach. In today’s regulatory landscape, this clause is not optional; it is essential. It reflects a commitment to integrity, compliance, and the global standards expected in professional football contracts. Essentially, you need this:

1. To ensure the Player understands and complies with anti-doping rules laid down by national and international authorities.
2. To allow the Club to manage risks associated with violations, including provisional suspensions or contract termination.
3. To preserve procedural fairness, especially when sanctions or appeals are involved.

While drafting, you must ensure the Player explicitly agrees to comply with anti-doping rules laid down by bodies such as NADA, WADA, the AIFF, and the league itself. Including this clause creates legal clarity, outlines the Player’s obligation to submit to testing, and allows the Club to act in the event of a violation, such as by suspending the Player or terminating the agreement in cases of gross misconduct. Be clear on all these factors. 

11. Anti-doping obligations

a. Compliance with anti-doping regulations: 

 

The Player shall comply with all applicable anti-doping regulations, including but not limited to the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) Code and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Code, as adopted by the All India Football Federation (AIFF) and the Indian Super League (ISL).

2. Submission to testing: 

The Player agrees to submit to random and scheduled anti-doping tests conducted by NADA, WADA, AIFF, or any other authorised body, at any time during or outside the Term of this Agreement, in accordance with applicable regulations. The Player shall provide accurate whereabouts information as required for out-of-competition testing.

3. Anti-doping education: 

The Player shall participate in mandatory anti-doping education programs organised by the Club, AIFF, or NADA, to ensure full understanding of anti-doping rules, prohibited substances, and testing procedures.

4. Prohibited substances and methods: 

The Player shall not use, possess, or distribute any substances or methods prohibited under the NADA/WADA Code. Any breach of this clause shall constitute Gross Misconduct and may result in immediate termination of this Agreement, subject to Clause 7.

5. Provisional suspension: 

In the event of a positive doping test or suspected violation, the Player may be provisionally suspended by the Club, AIFF, or NADA pending investigation, in accordance with applicable regulations.

6.  Appeal and disciplinary process: 

The Player shall have the right to appeal any anti-doping sanction in accordance with NADA/WADA and AIFF procedures. The Club shall cooperate with the Player in providing access to relevant documentation and support during the appeal process, subject to league regulations.

7. Liability: 

The Club shall not be liable for any sanctions, fines, or penalties imposed on the Player for anti-doping violations, unless such violations result directly from the Club’s actions or negligence.

Governing law and dispute resolution

When drafting a sports contract, particularly in a competitive and high-value league like football, disagreements may arise despite everyone’s best intentions. Governing law and dispute resolution clauses are your roadmap to addressing these issues without descending into confusion or prolonged litigation.

1. Clarity: You need to know which country’s laws apply, especially when the Player or Club may be based outside India or involved in international transactions.
2. Efficiency: Arbitration offers a faster, confidential alternative to court proceedings, which is important in high-profile cases.
3. League-specific mechanisms: Many sports leagues have dedicated dispute boards or tribunals; ignoring these can lead to complications or unenforceability of decisions.

Whether the dispute arises from contractual obligations, breaches, or other matters, it is vital to outline the steps for resolution to avoid costly and prolonged litigation.

Why is this necessary?

1. Avoiding litigation: Litigation can be expensive, time-consuming, and harmful to both parties’ reputations. By providing a clear, step-by-step process for resolving disputes, the parties can avoid courtroom battles and settle issues more efficiently.
2. Mediation and arbitration are quicker alternatives: Mediation and arbitration provide a faster and more flexible way to resolve disputes compared to traditional litigation. By agreeing to these processes, both the Player and the Club can ensure a quicker resolution.
3. Maintaining relationships: A structured dispute resolution process helps maintain a professional relationship between the Player and the Club. It encourages dialogue and cooperation rather than escalating conflicts unnecessarily.

What to consider when drafting? Jurisdiction and venue. Choose a city familiar to both parties, often the Club’s headquarters, to reduce costs and travel. Make sure there is alignment with league rules: Always check the sports governing body’s constitution or code of conduct. Some require disputes to be resolved exclusively through their appointed panels.

Keep in mind that it might be different for International players. If the Player is from a different country, there could be complications regarding jurisdiction. In such cases, it’s crucial to consider whether an international arbitration body or neutral jurisdiction might be more appropriate.

Ensure that the chosen jurisdiction is a practical and neutral location for both parties. The jurisdiction clause should not be used as a tool for unfair advantage, but rather as a way to establish a neutral and predictable legal environment.

Specify English as the language of arbitration, unless both parties are more comfortable with another language. This is especially important when foreign players are involved.

Lastly, even if arbitration is preferred, courts still play a role (e.g., interim relief, enforcement of awards), so be clear about which court can be approached.

Do not leave this clause to the end as an afterthought. In Indian football, several past cases have hinged on poorly drafted jurisdiction or arbitration provisions, leading to conflicting forum choices and delayed outcomes.

12. Governing law and dispute resolution

a. Governing law:

 

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of India.

2. Negotiation and mediation:

In the event of any dispute, disagreement, or claim arising out of or in relation to this Agreement, both the Club and the Player shall first attempt to resolve the issue amicably through informal negotiations. If a resolution cannot be reached through negotiation, the parties shall proceed to mediation with a mutually agreed-upon mediator within 30 days of the written notice of dispute.

3. Arbitration:

If the dispute cannot be resolved through consultation, the same shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The arbitration shall be conducted by a sole arbitrator mutually appointed by the parties, or, failing such agreement, appointed in accordance with the said Act. The seat and venue of arbitration shall be [City], India. The arbitration proceedings shall be conducted in English.

13. Legal costs:

Each party shall bear its own costs and expenses incurred during the dispute resolution process, except where the arbitrator awards costs to the prevailing party, in which case such costs shall be payable by the losing party as determined by the arbitrator.

1. League dispute mechanism:

Where applicable, the parties agree to submit disputes related specifically to player registration, transfer, or disciplinary actions to the dispute resolution mechanism prescribed by the [Name of League/Governing Body], prior to or in conjunction with arbitration proceedings.

Miscellaneous

This section may not involve numbers or glamour, but it prevents misunderstandings from snowballing into legal conflicts. You would be surprised how often these “standard” terms help in real-life disputes, particularly when contract interpretation is in question. This clause:

1. Cleans up ambiguity: By stating this is the “entire agreement”, you prevent parties from later claiming verbal promises or side letters form part of the deal.
2. Protects enforceability: A severability clause ensures that if one part is struck down, the rest survives, so the entire agreement does not collapse.
3. Manages unpredictability: The force majeure clause is critical in sports contracts, especially after COVID-19. If a season is suspended due to an unforeseen event, both sides know where they stand.

While many templates will have a generic miscellaneous section, always review it in the context of your sport, your league’s policies, and the operational realities of Indian football.

14. Miscellaneous

a. Entire agreement:

 

This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding between the Club and the Player with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior discussions, negotiations, and agreements (whether written or oral).

2. Amendments:

No modification or amendment of this Agreement shall be valid unless made in writing and signed by both parties.

3. No waiver:

The failure of either party to enforce any right under this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of that right or any other rights under this Agreement.

4. Severability:

If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable by a court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction, the remainder of the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.

5. Assignment:

The Player shall not assign or transfer his rights or obligations under this Agreement to any third party without the prior written consent of the Club. The Club may assign this Agreement to any successor entity or affiliate, subject to applicable league regulations and prior written consent from the Player. 

6. Notices:

All notices under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be delivered personally, by courier, or by email with delivery confirmation to the addresses specified in the Schedule annexed to this Agreement.

Signature 

The signature block is a crucial component of any player contract. It serves as conclusive proof that the contract was read, understood, and voluntarily agreed to by both the football club and the player. Under Indian contract law, particularly the Indian Contract Act, 1872, an agreement becomes legally enforceable only when there is free consent of the parties and proper execution.

By signing the contract, what happens?

1. The club confirms that it is bound by the obligations and responsibilities stated in the contract.
2. The player affirms that they agree to the terms of employment, conduct, and remuneration.
3. The witnesses provide evidence that the signatures were affixed in their presence, which can help validate the authenticity of the contract in the event of a dispute.
4. If notarised, the contract gains evidentiary weight in legal proceedings and may be required for registration with governing bodies such as the All India Football Federation (AIFF), especially for international transfers or foreign players.

In some cases, a notary public or advocate’s attestation is added to further authenticate the document, particularly when dealing with high-value contracts or when the player is a foreign national. This step can help establish the date of execution and prevent future disputes over the timing or validity of the agreement.

In summary, the signature block is not just a formality. It is a vital legal element that finalises the contract and protects the interests of both parties.

SIGNATURE BLOCK

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have executed this Player Contract on the date and year first written above.

For the Club
Name: ___________________________
Designation: _____________________
Club name: ______________________
(Signature with seal)
Date: ___________________________

For the player
Name: ___________________________
Aadhaar no. (optional): __________________
(Signature)
Date: ___________________________

In the presence of Witnesses:

1. Witness 1
   Name: ___________________________
   Address: _________________________
   Signature: ________________________
   Date: ____________________________
2. Witness 2
   Name: ___________________________
   Address: _________________________
   Signature: ________________________
   Date: ____________________________

Notarisation / attestation block

This is optional. This is required if the contract is to be used for formal registration with a football authority, for evidentiary value, or in case of foreign nationals.)

Attested by:

Notary Public / Advocate
Name: ___________________________
Reg. no.: ________________________
Seal & signature: ________________
Date: ____________________________

Closing thoughts and the future of sports contracting in India

By now, you have seen that drafting a player contract is not merely a clerical exercise. It is a blend of commercial foresight, legal clarity, and deep respect for the athlete’s journey. In India, where sports leagues are expanding beyond cricket, embracing kabaddi, football, tennis, and even e-sports, the role of the lawyer is evolving just as fast.

A well-drafted player contract does more than protect; it empowers. It gives the player confidence that their hard work will be rewarded fairly, and gives the team security that their investment is safeguarded. But more than anything, it reflects the values that should drive Indian sport in the modern era: transparency, professionalism, and mutual respect.

 FAQs

1. How can a player contract balance the club’s need for exclusivity with a player’s right to participate in national team duties?

The contract’s exclusivity clause (e.g., Clause 2.4) must explicitly exempt participation in national team activities, as these are governed by FIFA and All India Football Federation (AIFF) regulations, which take precedence over club agreements. To balance this, include a provision stating that the player can participate in national team matches, training camps, or other AIFF/FIFA-sanctioned events without club consent, provided the club is notified in advance. This ensures compliance with international sports regulations while protecting the club’s interests by requiring communication and scheduling coordination.

2. What specific considerations should be included in the contract to address monsoon-related disruptions in Indian football?

India’s monsoon season can disrupt matches, training, and travel, as noted in the force majeure clause (Clause 7.1). To address this, the contract should include a tailored force majeure provision listing monsoon-related disruptions (e.g., floods, stadium closures) and specify contingency plans, such as alternative training facilities or rescheduling protocols. Additionally, clarify whether the player is entitled to partial salary or benefits during such disruptions to avoid disputes, aligning with principles of fairness under the Indian Contract Act, 1872.

3. What role do AIFF and ISL regulations play in ensuring a player contract is enforceable, and how should they be incorporated?

AIFF and ISL regulations, such as those governing player transfers, salary caps, and disciplinary actions, are binding on all ISL contracts. To ensure enforceability, the contract should include a clause (e.g., in the Miscellaneous section, Clause 14) stating that it is subject to AIFF and ISL rules, with specific references to relevant regulations (e.g., AIFF Regulations Governing the Status and Transfer of Players). This ensures alignment with league standards and reduces the risk of disputes over non-compliance, such as issues with player registration or transfer fees.

4. How can a contract protect both the player and the club in cases of long-term injuries that do not qualify as career-ending?

The injury clause should include a detailed protocol for long-term but non-career-ending injuries, specifying a maximum period (e.g., 6-12 months) during which the player receives full or partial salary while undergoing rehabilitation. The contract should also outline a return-to-play process, requiring clearance from the club’s medical team, and allow for mutual termination with agreed compensation if recovery exceeds the specified period. This balances the player’s financial security with the club’s need to manage roster and budget constraints.

5. What provisions should be included to address social media misuse by players in a way that respects their freedom of expression?

The social media guidelines in the confidentiality and publicity clause (Clause 5.3) should define “inappropriate content” (e.g., defamatory posts, endorsements of rival brands) and outline consequences (e.g., warnings, fines, or termination for repeated violations). To respect freedom of expression under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India, the contract should allow players to post personal opinions or non-controversial content unrelated to the club, provided it does not harm the club’s reputation. A review process for disputed posts can ensure fairness while protecting the club’s brand.

6. How can a contract address the potential for disputes over medical decisions, especially when the player and the club’s medical team disagree?

The injury and medical fitness clause should include a dispute resolution mechanism for medical disagreements, such as the option for a second opinion from an independent, mutually agreed-upon medical practitioner. The contract could specify that the independent opinion is binding or used as a basis for negotiation, ensuring fairness. Additionally, reference AIFF/ISL medical protocols to align with industry standards, and include a timeline for resolving disputes to avoid delays in treatment or return-to-play decisions.